Normal Saline 0.9%: Contains only sodium and chloride, closely mimicking the electrolyte composition of blood plasma.
Lactic Ringer (LR): Contains sodium, potassium, calcium, chloride and lactate. Lactate is converted to bicarbonate in the liver helping you buffer against acidosis (increased acidity). LR has a closer resemblance to the body’s natural fluid composition therefore being a more balanced composition and more effective in hydration. Hydration purpose only
Vitamin C: boosts immune system, helps collagen formation, contributes to healthy skin, aids in iron absorption and wound healing
- Immune system: Helps with proper functioning immune cells, such as lymphocytes and phagocytes. Stimulates production of antibodies. Shorten the duration and severity of colds and the flu.
- Antioxidant: Neutralizes free radicals that normally damage cells and contribute to aging and various diseases. Protects cells from oxidative stress which is linked to conditions like arthritis and neurodegenerative diseases.
- Skin Health: Essential for collagen synthesis, improves skin texture reducing appearance of fine lines and wrinkles, and reduces damaging effects of UV radiation on skin.
- Brain Health: Involved in production of neurotransmitters like dopamine and norepinephrine, both playing a role in mood regulation and cognitive function. Helps protect against age-related cognitive decline and dementia.
- Common Adverse Effects:
Pain at injection site
Nausea
Headache
Dizziness
Feelings of warmth
Flushing
Feelings of tiredness/weakness
Vitamin D: Boosts the immune system and reduces inflammation.
- Immune system: Reduces chronic inflammation and alleviate associated pain
- Mood regulation: Helps with depression and anxiety
- Improves bone health: Crucial for calcium absorption and bone mineralization
- Common Adverse Effects:
Nausea/vomiting
Fatigue
Constipation
Headaches
Vitamin B-Complex: Contains eight Vitamin Bs including 1, 2, 3, 5, 6, 7, 9 and 12. Helps with cell metabolism and energy production. Especially helpful for those on plant-based diets or pregnant.
- B1 (Thiamine): Helps convert food into energy. Vital for organ and nerve function.
- B2 (Riboflavin): Antioxidant and helps convert food into energy.
- B3 (Niacin): Helps maintain healthy skin, nerves, digestion and help manage cholesterol levels.
- B5 (Pyridoxine): Essential for brain and nervous system health.
- B6 (Pyridoxine): Helps make red blood cells and supports the immune system. Mood regulator.
- B7 (Biotin): Essential for healthy hair, nails and nerve function.
- B9 (Folic Acid): Essential for DNA and genetic material. Crucial for preventing developmental issues during pregnancy. Mood regulator.
- B12 (Cobalamin): Vital for nerve and blood cell health. Mood regulator.
- Common Adverse Effects:
Mild stomach upset or flushing: usually temporary
Nausea
Diarrhea
Headache
Bright yellow urine: harmless and temporary, occurring because the body eliminates any excess vitamins that your body does not need
Magnesium: Supports heart health, improves sleep quality, enhances muscle recovery and performance, relieves migraines stress and anxiety.
- Sleep: Regulates melatonin and cortisol levels.
- Stress/Anxiety: Calms the nervous system by inhibiting excitatory neurotransmitters and promoting the activity of calming neurotransmitters like GABA. Helps regulate healthy levels of cortisol and alleviates muscle tension by blocking entry of calcium into cells preventing excessive contraction.
- Enhances energy levels: Is a cofactor for ATP production, which is the primary energy currency of a cell. Enhances the absorption of other nutrients, further contributing to overall energy production and well-being,
- Heart Health: Assists in blood pressure regulation and heart rhythm
- Muscle Recovery and Performance: Aids in muscle recovery, reduces soreness and enhances performance for athletes and active individuals.
- Migraine Relief: Decreases muscle tension. Potentially prevents pain-transmitting chemicals in the brain. Especially effective with migraine with auras.
- Common Adverse Effects:
Flushing
Sweating
Low blood pressure
Zinc: Boosts immune system and reduces inflammation, particularly during times of illness or stress. Zinc has anti-inflammatory properties and is involved in collagen synthesis.
- Immune system: Helps with proper functioning immune cells, such as lymphocytes and phagocytes. Stimulates production of antibodies. Shorten the duration and severity of colds and the flu.
- Common Adverse Effects:
Nausea/Vomiting
Diarrhea
Metallic taste
Headache/Dizziness
Copper: cofactor in collagen cross-linking
L-Proline: An amino acid that plays a role in collagen production and tissue repair. Helps with sports injuries, muscle recovery, arthritis, skin health and anti-aging.
- Collagen Synthesis: A major structural protein found in connective tissues including tendons, ligaments, cartilage and tissue regeneration in joints.
- Skin Health/Anti-Aging: supports collagen synthesis which reduces the appearance of wrinkles and fine lines. Leads to smoother firmer skin with improved tone and texture.
- Muscle Recovery: Supports muscle growth and aid in recovery after workouts
- Common Adverse Effects:
Nausea
Diarrhea
Headache
Fatigue/Tiredness
Joint/muscle pain
Runny nose
Glutathione: A naturally occurring antioxidant composed of three amino acids; glutamine, glycine and cysteine. Known as the “master antioxidant” due to its ability to combat oxidative stress by neutralizing harmful substances like free radicals.
- Detoxification: supports the body’s natural detoxification process especially in the liver
- Immune system support: enhances immune cell function and helps fight infections. Reduces inflammation.
- Skin health: reduces signs of aging by improving skin elasticity and reducing hyperpigmentation.
- Energy level: supports mitochondrial function which is crucial for energy production.
- Mental clarity: protects brain cells from oxidative damage therefore enhancing cognitive function.
- Muscle recovery: aids in recovery after strenuous exercise.
- Common Adverse Effects:
Nausea
Headache
Dizziness
Abdominal cramps
Fatigue
CoQ10: Ubiquinone (CoQ10) is a potent antioxidant. Enhances energy levels, supports cellular function, provides antioxidant production and improves physical performance and recovery.
- Enhanced Energy: boosts energy by supporting synthesis of ATP and playing a vital component within the mitochondria. Particularly beneficial for individuals experiencing fatigue or engaging in strenuous physical activity.
- Antioxidant: Neutralizes free radicals that normally damage cells and contribute to aging and various diseases. Protects cells from oxidative stress which is linked to conditions like arthritis and neurodegenerative diseases.
- Common Adverse Effects:
Dizziness
Headache
Fatigue
Skin rash
Insomnia
Irritability
Light sensitivity
Taurine: A naturally occurring amino sulfonic acid that helps improve athletic performance, muscle recovery, cardiovascular health support, enhance focus and mental clarity, antioxidant protection.
- Athletic performance and muscle recovery: Helps reduce muscle fatigue and shorten recovery times after intense exercise. Reduces post workout soreness and inflammation.
- Cardiovascular health support: Improves heart function, regulates blood pressure and enhances blood circulation.
- Mental clarity: Has a calming effect on nervous system
- Antioxidant: Protects from oxidative stress and damage caused by free radicals
- Common Adverse Effects:
Nausea/vomiting
Diarrhea
Bloating/abdominal cramps
Headaches
BiAmino: Contains two amino acids; L-Arginine, L-Citrulline. Designed to support protein metabolism, athletic performance and overall health.
- L-Arginine: Plays a vital role in several bodily functions including protein production and synthesis of nitric oxide. Nitric oxide is a signaling molecule that prompts blood flow and cellular communication. Particularly beneficial for cardiovascular health support including blood flow to muscles and removing waste products like lactic acid from muscles and sexual performance.
- L-Citrulline: Improves vasodilation and elimination of ammonia
- Common Adverse Effects:
Flushing
Sweating
Itching
Mild stomach upset
L-Glycine: Primarily related to its role in protein synthesis, muscle health, and neurotransmission. Glycine is a building block for proteins, including collagen, and helps with muscle repair and growth. It also plays a role in regulating blood sugar, improving sleep quality, and potentially supporting liver and heart health. Additionally, glycine influences neurotransmitter activity, impacting mood and cognition.
- Common Adverse Effects:
Nausea/vomiting
Dizziness
Dry mouth
Nasal congestion
Back pain
Blurred vision
L-Carnitine: Benefits related to energy production, exercise performance, and possibly weight management.
- Energy level and weight loss support: Plays a crucial role in converting fat into energy. Increases fat burning by promoting the process of fatty acid oxidation therefore accelerates the body's ability to burn fat for energy.
- Common Adverse Effects:
Diarrhea
Nausea/vomiting
Abdominal cramping
Headache
Body odor “fishy”
Dizziness
Loss of appetite
Change in taste
Swelling in face, feet or legs
Weakness
Fever
L-Arginine: Plays a vital role in several bodily functions including protein production and
synthesis of nitric oxide. Nitric oxide is a signaling molecule that prompts blood flow and
cellular communication. Particularly beneficial for cardiovascular health support including
blood flow to muscles and removing waste products like lactic acid from muscles and sexual performance.
- Common Adverse Effects:
Nausea
Abdominal pain
Diarrhea
Bloating
Headache
Gout (long term use and/or higher doses)
Branched-Chain Amino Acids: (BCAAs: leucine, isoleucine, valine) → stimulates muscle protein synthesis and repair. Provides energy for workouts via muscles using BCAA directly for fuel, may prevent central fatigue by affecting serotonin production in the brain and helps reduce post-exercise muscle soreness.
NAD+: A coenzyme found in all cells with various benefits.
- Reduces fatigue: supports mitochondrial function, increasing energy production and reducing fatigue.
- Cognitive function: improves memory, focus and mental clarity.
- Detox and recovery: Helps manage cravings, anxiety and withdrawal symptoms.
- Anti-aging: supports cellular repair and slow aging at a cellular level
- Athletic performance: enhances endurance and reduces muscle fatigue
- Mood stabilizer: aids in improving mood and emotional stability including depression and anxiety
- Common Adverse Effects:
Flushing
Chest tightness
Nausea
Headaches
Medications:
Toradol/Ketorolac: IV, PO. NSAID
- Uses: anti inflammatory, pain management, fever
- Adverse reaction: gastritis, AKI
Tylenol/Acetaminophen: IV, PO. centrally acting nonopioid
- Uses: anti inflammatory, pain management, fever
- Adverse reaction: nausea, vomiting, headache, constipation
Pepcid/Famotidine: IV, PO. Histamine-2 Blocker
- Uses: antacid, antihistamine
- Adverse reaction: headache, agitation
Zofran/Ondansetron: IV, ODT. Serotonin Receptor Antagonists
- Uses: antiemetic
- Adverse reaction: constipation, diarrhea, fatigue
Decadron/Dexamethasone: IV, PO. corticosteroid
- Uses: anti inflammatory, pain management, antiemetic, headaches
- Adverse reaction: nausea, vomiting, dizziness, anxiety, GU burning
Benadryl/Diphenhydramine: IV, PO. Histamine-1 Blocker
- Uses: antiemetic, headaches, antihistamine, vertigo
- Adverse reaction: dizziness, drowsiness
Flexeril/Cyclobenzaprine: PO. Centrally-acting muscle relaxant
- Uses: muscle spasms
- Adverse reaction: drowsiness, constipation, nausea, headache, dizziness
Norflex/Orphenadrine Citrate: IV, PO. centrally-acting muscle relaxant
- Uses: muscle spasms
- Adverse reaction: palpitations, nausea/vomiting, dizziness, drowsiness, constipation